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Barr and a Top Prosecutor Cast a Wide Net in Reviewing the Russia Inquiry

Written By domingo, 17 de abril de 2022 Add Comment Edit

Conspiracy theory concerning the 2016 U.s.a. elections

The Russia investigation origins counter-narrative, or Russia counter-narrative,[i] identified as a conspiracy theory, concerns claims and attacks that seek to undermine the legitimacy and conclusions of the FBI'due south Crossfire Hurricane investigation,[two] [iii] [4] too equally the subsequent Special Counsel investigation into links between Russian officials and associates of Donald Trump and Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.[5] [6]

Both of those investigations, as well equally ane past the Republican-controlled Senate Intelligence Committee, concluded that the Russian regime interfered in the election for the purpose of benefiting Trump and that he welcomed the Russian help;[seven] [8] it did not establish that the Trump campaign had "conspired or coordinated" with the Russian government.[9] [10]

Russian federation counternarrative

Trump frequently expressed the concern that those findings called into question the legitimacy of his presidency. He attacked the Russia investigation over 1,100 times by Feb 2019, claiming that information technology was fabricated equally an alibi for Hillary Clinton losing the Electoral College in 2016, that it was an "illegal hoax", and that the FBI had refused to investigate the "real bunco" between the Democrats and Russia – and later, Ukraine.[xi] FBI Director Christopher A. Wray, who was appointed past Trump, stated: "We have no information that indicates that Ukraine interfered with the 2016 presidential election. ... [A]s far as the [2020] election itself goes, we think Russia represents the about meaning threat."[12]

From the beginning, conservatives tried to delegitimize the Mueller investigation.[four] Republican Party leaders suggested that Robert Mueller's inquiry stemmed from a plot by members of the Obama Administration and career intelligence officials—an alleged "deep state"—to undermine Trump.[13]

On April 2, 2019, Trump personally urged investigation into the origins of the Mueller investigation.[14] [xv] In response, Democrats and some former constabulary enforcement officials expressed concern that Attorney General William Barr was "using the justice section to chase unsubstantiated conspiracy theories" that could cast doubt on the Mueller report'due south findings.[16] [17]

On November 22, 2019, The Washington Mail reported that a forthcoming United States Department of Justice Office of the Inspector Full general report found the origin of the FBI investigation was properly predicated on a legal and factual basis, and the study did not back up several bourgeois conspiracy theories about the origin.[18] On Dec 9, 2019, U.s.a. Inspector Full general Michael Eastward. Horowitz testified to Congress that the FBI showed no political bias at the initiation of the investigation into Trump and possible connections with Russia;[19] [20] [21] In a Senate hearing on Dec eleven, 2019,[22] he stated that he "could non dominion out political bias every bit a possible motivation for the 17 errors the FBI made in applications for the Carter Folio surveillance."[23] [24] [25] In a subsequent analysis of 25 unrelated FISA warrant requests, Horowitz institute a pattern of similar errors that suggested systemic sloppiness past the FBI, rather than an effort to single-out Page.[26]

Claims fabricated

According to the Trump administration, the Russia investigation should never take happened in the offset identify[27] as it was a plot by police enforcement and intelligence officials to prevent Trump from winning the 2016 election, and then, once he won the election, to frustrate his "America First" calendar.[28] [29] Trump rejects the determination of U.s. intelligence agencies that Russia interfered in the 2016 election to benefit candidate Trump, suggesting without testify instead that hostile American officials may accept planted faux information that led to the Russia inquiry.[xxx]

Core elements of the theory include:[31]

  • That the Steele dossier had a part in triggering the overall Russian interference investigation (the Inspector General concluded that it did not play a role in the initiation of the Crossfire Hurricane Investigation);[32] [33] the accusation that it was fraudulent, was paid for by the Democratic Party,[34] and that this was not adequately disclosed to the FISA courtroom in wiretap applications (the outset FISA application contained a footnote added at the insistence of Deputy Banana Attorney Full general Stuart Evans that about the potential political bias of the Steele textile).[35] Conservatives also question the FBI'southward assessment of the credibility of Christopher Steele, a quondam British intelligence officer who ran the MI6 Russia desk from 2006 to 2009.[28]
  • That the investigations and surveillance were illegal and treasonous "spying"[36] (the spygate conspiracy theory)[37] – a "FISA abuse" narrative,[38] notably involving Susan Rice.[1] The use of the term "spying" in this context is disputed.[39] [40] [41] [42] James Comey[43] and James A. Bakery have described the investigations as necessary, appropriate, legal, and apolitical,[31] [44] and FBI Director Christopher A. Wray testified that he saw "no evidence the FBI illegally monitored President Donald Trump's campaign during the 2016 ballot."[42]
  • That the FBI and other institutions are "dangerously biased" confronting Trump (the deep state conspiracy theory),[45] that Robert S. Mueller III'south investigation was run by "thirteen [or eighteen] angry Democrats" and that Mueller was "highly conflicted", a claim debunked by Trump's own aides,[27] and the investigation was part of a failed "attempted coup", based on private texts sent by Peter Strzok expressing opposition to a Trump presidency and speculation over removal of Trump under the 25th Amendment following his firing of James Comey.[31]
  • That anti-Trump forces inside the FBI actually entrapped his advisers, such as Michael Flynn[46] and may have even planted testify of Russian collusion.[47]
  • That Russian interference was not directed by Putin, was not as significant as the president'due south opponents insisted, or even decisive in the outcome of the ballot. Proponents point to the discrepancy in the intelligence customs'southward report on Russian interference betwixt the FBI and CIA'southward loftier confidence and the National Security Agency's moderate confidence.[48] [ failed verification ]

More recently, the narrative has expanded to include the claim that Joseph Mifsud was not a Russian nugget, but was a Western intelligence agent used every bit a counterintelligence trap for the Trump campaign,[49] and elements of the conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal; it posits that Ukraine, not Russia, was responsible for election interference. The theory further claimed that Ukraine had interfered in the elections at the behest of the Democratic Party to benefit Hillary Clinton'southward ballot campaign, and that they had planted bear witness that Russia was responsible and had sought to help Trump.[50] US Chaser General William Barr has reportedly traveled in person to Italian republic (twice) and to the United Kingdom to endeavour to build back up for this claim.[51] [35] Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte contradicted this, stating that Italy had "played no role in the events leading to the Russia investigation".[xxx]

On February 19, 2020, numerous sources revealed that lawyers for WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange told Westminster Magistrates' Courtroom that Trump had Dana Rohrabacher visit Assange at the Ecuadoran Embassy in London on Baronial sixteen, 2017. Assange had been in court fighting extradition to the Usa on charges of calculator intrusion as WikiLeaks had posted sensitive documents provided past whistleblower Chelsea Manning. During the Baronial 16 coming together, Assange stated that Rohrabacher had made a quid pro quo offering of a presidential pardon to him, in commutation for Assange covering up Russian involvement by declaring that "Russia had nothing to exercise with the DNC leaks". Assange's lawyer said that he had prove "that a quid pro quo was put to Assange past Rohrabacher, who was known as Putin'due south favorite congressman."[52] [53] [54] White House Press Secretary Stephanie Grisham stated that Assange's claims were "a consummate fabrication and a lie" and added that "the president barely knows Dana Rohrabacher other than he's an ex-congressman."[55] Rohrabacher had previously confirmed the August 16 coming together, saying he and Assange talked about "what might be necessary to get him out" and discussed a presidential pardon in exchange for information on the theft of DNC emails that were published by WikiLeaks before the 2016 presidential election.[56]

Notable proponents

The most notable proponent is Donald Trump himself. Following the May 2018 disclosure that FBI informant Stefan Halper had spoken with Trump campaign aides Carter Page, George Papadopoulos, and Sam Clovis, Trump avant-garde a conspiracy theory dubbed as Spygate, which claimed that the previous administration under Barack Obama paid to plant a spy inside Trump's 2016 presidential campaign to assist his rival, Hillary Clinton, win the 2016 US presidential election.[57] [58] With no bodily supporting prove produced, Trump'due south allegations were widely described equally blatantly simulated.[57] [59] [sixty] [61] Trump's allegations prompted the Usa Justice Section (DOJ) and the FBI to provide a classified briefing regarding Halper to several Congressmen, including Republicans Trey Gowdy and Paul Ryan, who ended that the FBI did not practise anything improper, and that Russia, not Trump, was the target of the FBI.[62] [63]

In June 2018, Trump claimed that a report by DOJ Inspector Full general Michael E. Horowitz "totally exonerates" him and that "the Mueller investigation has been totally discredited", despite the study having zilch to practise with the special counsel investigation, the Trump campaign or Russia. The report was instead focused on the FBI's 2016 investigation of the Hillary Clinton email controversy.[64] [65] [66] [67]

Sean Hannity, a potent supporter of Trump, a vocal and persistent critic of the Mueller investigation on his Trick News television show and syndicated radio programme, described Mueller as "corrupt, abusively biased and political."[68] Hannity had asserted that the investigation arose from an elaborate, corrupt scheme involving Hillary Clinton; the Steele dossier, which he asserts is completely imitation although parts of it take been reported equally verified;[69] old DOJ officials James Comey, Andrew McCabe, Bruce Ohr, and others; and a wiretap on former Trump adjutant Carter Folio that Hannity asserted was obtained past misrepresentations to the U.s.a. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, characterizing the wiretap every bit an abuse of ability that is "far bigger than Watergate" and "the weaponizing of those powerful tools of intelligence and the shredding of our Fourth Amendment, constitutional rights."[68]

Jeanine Pirro, a long-time friend of Trump,[lxx] described Mueller, electric current FBI Manager Christopher Wray (a Trump appointee), former FBI Director James Comey and other current/former FBI officials as a "criminal cabal,"[71] saying "There is a cleansing needed in our FBI and Department of Justice – it needs to be cleansed of individuals who should not but be fired, but who demand to be taken out in cuffs."[72]

Inspector General testimony

On December nine, 2019, Horowitz testified before the House Judiciary Commission that his investigation found that despite mistakes in organizing the investigation, the FBI did not display any political bias when initiating the investigation of Trump and the Russian authorities.[19] [xx] [21] He also stated in a Senate hearing the same month that he "could not rule out political bias equally a possible motivation for the 17 errors the FBI fabricated in applications for the Folio surveillance."[23] [24] [25] [22]

Durham enquiry

"Durham Investigation" redirects here. For the 1839 Canadian investigation, see Durham Written report.

U.S. Attorney John Durham

In Apr 2019, U.South. Chaser General William Barr told members of Congress that he believed the Trump campaign had been spied upon in 2016.[73] John Durham, the U.Due south. attorney in the District of Connecticut, had already been conducting an investigation in the Department of Justice into leaks, allegedly by FBI Director James Comey, to the Washington Post almost Michael Flynn that resulted in Flynn's deviation from the White Business firm.[74]

Review of origins of FBI'southward investigation

In May 2019, Barr appointed Durham to oversee a DOJ probe into the origins of the FBI investigation into Russian interference.[73] Acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney tied the Durham investigation to the Ukraine scandal, as Durham sought help from Ukraine and interviewed Ukrainian citizens.[28]

On May 23, 2019, Trump ordered the intelligence customs to cooperate with the inquiry and granted Barr unprecedented full authority to declassify whatsoever intelligence information related to the matter.[75] [76] [77] [78] DOJ investigators, led by Durham, planned to interview senior Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officers to determine how they concluded in 2016 that Russian president Vladimir Putin had personally authorized election interference to benefit candidate Trump.[79] Politico reported in July 2019 that after becoming CIA manager in 2017, Trump loyalist Mike Pompeo intensely challenged CIA analysts on their findings that Russian interference was designed to assistance Trump, but he found no show to dispute information technology.[80] [81] The New York Times reported in July 2018 that the CIA had long nurtured a Russian source who eventually rose to a position close to Putin, allowing the source to laissez passer key data in 2016 virtually Putin'due south directly interest.[82] In parallel, Trump and his allies – most notably Trump's personal chaser Rudy Giuliani – promoted an alternative narrative that the Ukrainian government had interfered to benefit Hillary Clinton, in coordination with Democrats, the digital forensics company CrowdStrike and the FBI, alleging the Russian government had been framed.[83] Trump falsely asserted that CrowdStrike, an American company, was really endemic by a wealthy Ukrainian oligarch. In reality, Dmitri Alperovitch, a co-founder of Crowdstrike, and the probable reference, is a naturalized United States citizen who was born in Russia, not Ukraine.[10]

Barr and Department of Justice contacts with foreign governments

In the fall of 2019, news reports publicized that Barr and the Department of Justice had contacted foreign governments to ask for assistance in this research, and that this reportedly upset the normal practise of U.S. officials speaking with foreign politicians. Barr personally traveled to the Great britain and Italian republic to seek information, and at Barr'south request Trump phoned the prime number government minister of Australia to request his cooperation.[84] [85] One British official with knowledge of Barr's requests observed, "it is like nothing we take come beyond earlier, they are basically asking, in quite robust terms, for assist in doing a hatchet task on their own intelligence services."[86] Barr sought information that Joseph Mifsud was a Western intelligence operative charged with entrapping Trump entrada advisor George Papadopoulos in guild to institute a false predicate for the FBI to open an investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.

That FBI investigation was initiated subsequently the Australian authorities notified American authorities that its diplomat Alexander Downer had a take a chance come across with Papadopoulos, who boasted nigh possible access to Hillary Clinton emails supposedly held by the Russian government.[87] On Oct 2, 2019, Senator Lindsey Graham, a staunch Trump supporter and chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, wrote a letter of the alphabet to the leaders of United kingdom, Australia and Italy, asserting as fact that both Mifsud and Downer had been directed to contact Papadopoulos. Joe Hockey, the Australian ambassador to the United States, sharply rejected Graham's characterization of Downer.[88] [89] A former Italian government official told The Washington Post in October 2019 that during a coming together the previous calendar month, Italian intelligence services told Barr they had "no connections, no activities, no interference" in the matter; Italian prime minister Giuseppe Conte later affirmed this.[4] [30] The Justice Department inspector full general aggressively investigated the allegation that Mifsud had been directed to entrap Papadopoulos, simply constitute no information that Mifsud was function of an FBI operation. The New York Times reported that its sources claimed Mifsud was a Russian agent.[ninety] [18] American law enforcement believes Mifsud is connected to Russian intelligence.[87] [91] [two] [92] [93] [94]

By October 2019, it was reported that Barr and Durham'due south investigators were, in addition to pressing foreign intelligence officials for help in discrediting the 2016 inquiry,[95] [6] [96] likewise request almost the route by which information had reached the FBI, and interviewing agents involved in the 2016 inquiry.[28] [97] [xiii] Durham as well inquired about whether CIA officials had tricked the FBI into opening its 2016 investigation. Politico quoted FBI officials who were dismissive of such an assertion.[98] Although the CIA and FBI directors shared intelligence virtually the matters in August 2016, former regime officials said the FBI did not utilize CIA information to open up its investigation the previous month.[17] The Justice Department inspector general afterwards confirmed this.[99] Papadopoulos had previously asserted that Mifsud was "an Italian intelligence nugget who the CIA weaponized" against him. Former CIA director John Brennan, a frequent Trump critic, had been singled out for suspicion by Trump and his allies, besides equally former director of national intelligence James Clapper, as supposed members of a "deep state" that allegedly sought to undermine Trump.[17] [94]

Indictment of FBI attorney Clinesmith

On October 24, 2019, The New York Times and The Washington Post reported that Durham'south research had been elevated to a criminal investigation, raising concerns of politicization of the Justice Department to pursue political enemies of the President.[17] [100] The Times reported on November 22 that the Justice Department inspector general had made a criminal referral to Durham regarding Kevin Clinesmith, a low-level FBI attorney assigned to the Mueller probe who had resigned in February 2018. Clinesmith was defendant of altering an electronic mail during the process of renewing a Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Human action (FISA) wiretap warrant confronting former Trump campaign advisor Carter Page.[99] Clinesmith pleaded guilty to a felony violation in August 2020 for adding the phrase "and not a source" to a statement past a CIA liaison saying that Carter Page had a prior "contact" relationship with the CIA from 2008 to 2013.[101] [102] On January 29, 2021, Clinesmith was sentenced to 12 months federal probation and 400 hours of community service. The judge stated that Clinesmith "likely believed that what he said nearly Mr. Page was true" and that he had taken "an inappropriate shortcut." He likewise said the IG inspection did non establish that "political considerations played a part in Clinesmith's actions."[103]

Disagreement with DoJ Inspector General report

On December ix, post-obit the release of Justice Department inspector full general Michael Horowitz's report, Durham issued a argument saying, "we do not concord with some of the report's conclusions as to predication and how the FBI instance was opened."[104] [105] Many observers inside and outside the Justice Section, including the inspector general, expressed surprise that Durham would consequence such a statement, as federal investigators typically practice not publicly comment on their ongoing investigations.[106] Barr too released a argument challenging the findings of the report.[107] Horowitz later testified to the Senate that prior to release of the report he had asked Durham for any information he had that might alter the report's findings, only "none of the discussions changed our findings."[108] The Washington Mail service reported that Durham could not provide evidence of whatever setup by American intelligence.[109]

Investigation of quondam CIA director Brennan

The New York Times reported in December 2019 that Durham was examining the part of former CIA director John Brennan in assessing Russian interference in 2016, requesting emails, call logs and other documents. Brennan had been a song critic of Trump and a target of the president'southward accusations of improper activities toward him. The Times reported Durham was specifically examining Brennan'southward views of the Steele dossier and what he said about it to the FBI and other intelligence agencies. Brennan and former director of national intelligence James Clapper had testified to Congress that the CIA and other intelligence agencies did not rely on the dossier in preparing the January 2017 intelligence customs assessment of Russian interference, and allies of Brennan said he disagreed with the FBI view that the dossier should be given meaning weight, equally the CIA characterized it every bit "internet rumor."[110]

Alleged Trump pressure to stop the investigation before the 2020 election

In February 2020, The Washington Mail reported that Trump was pressing the Justice Department for Durham to finish his investigation before the ballot.[111] Barr hinted in June that the Durham investigation would produce results regarding the "complete collapse of the Russiagate scandal" before the end of the summer.[112] In July Barr told a Congressional committee that the review might be released before the election despite an informal Justice Section rule limiting release of such information.[113] In public statements in August, Trump again insisted that investigation produce more prosecutions and suggested that his opinion of Barr would be negatively influenced if it did not.[113]

As summer ended there were reports that Barr himself was pressing for the Durham investigation to release its study. The Hartford Courant reported that unnamed colleagues of Nora Dannehy, Durham'southward top aide in the investigation who quietly resigned on September 10, had said she was concerned about pressure from Barr to deliver results earlier the election.[114] [115] In October, Trump ordered the declassification of all documents relating to the 2016 investigation, characterizing it equally the "greatest political Criminal offence in American History." John Ratcliffe, the Manager of National Intelligence and a Trump loyalist, released declassified Russian disinformation about Hillary Clinton to Senate Judiciary Commission Chairman Lindsey Graham. Some critics characterized the actions as a politicization of intelligence.[116] [117] [118]

Appointment as Special Counsel

On November two, 2020, the day earlier the presidential election, New York magazine reported from its sources their claim that the Durham probe had uncovered no evidence of wrongdoing past former Vice President Joseph Biden or old President Barack Obama.[119]

On December 1, 2020, Attorney Full general Barr revealed to the Associated Press that on October nineteen, 2020, he had appointed Durham to be a Special Counsel pursuant to the federal statute that governed such appointments. Durham's investigation, co-ordinate to Barr's statement to the Associated Press and the Chaser General's order appointing Durham equally special counsel, was to examine whether "any federal official, employee, or any other person or entity violated the law in connexion with the intelligence, counter-intelligence, or police force-enforcement activities directed at the 2016 presidential campaigns, individuals associated with those campaigns, and individuals associated with the administration of President Donald J. Trump, including merely not express to Crossfire Hurricane and the investigation of Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller Three."[120] [121]

Sussmann indictment

On September sixteen, 2021, Durham indicted Michael Sussmann, a partner for the law business firm Perkins Coie, alleging he falsely told FBI general counsel James Baker during a September 2016 meeting that he was not representing a client for their discussion. The indictment alleged Sussman was actually representing "a U.Due south. Technology Manufacture Executive, a U.S. Cyberspace Company and the Hillary Clinton Presidential Campaign" and that he was involved with a projection in which "researchers were tasked to mine... internet data to plant 'an inference' and 'narrative' that would tie so-presidential candidate Donald Trump to Russia."[122] [123] [124]

Sussmann, who focuses on privacy and cybersecurity law, approached Baker to discuss what he claimed to be suspicious communications betwixt reckoner servers at the Russian Alfa-Depository financial institution and the Trump Organization. Later Trump became president, the FBI found Sussmann's claims to exist meritless, and the Mueller Investigation's written report ignored them. Sussmann had represented the Democratic National Committee regarding the Russian hacking of its computer network. Sussmann'south attorneys have denied he was representing the Clinton campaign. Perkins Coie represented the Clinton presidential campaign, and one of its partners, Marc Elias, commissioned Fusion GPS to deport opposition inquiry on Trump, which led to the production of the controversial Steele dossier. Sussmann, a onetime federal prosecutor, characterized the allegations against him every bit politically motivated and pleaded not guilty the twenty-four hour period after his indictment.[125] [122] [126] [127]

On December half-dozen, 2021, Sussman'due south lawyers asked for an earlier trial date than July 25, 2022, the engagement proposed by Durham. The lawyers stated that bear witness turned over to them by the prosecution, "partly redacted records of two of Mr. Baker's interviews with the Justice Department," contradicted the charge.[122]

Danchenko indictment

On November 10, 2021, Washington-based Russian analyst Igor Danchenko was charged with lying to the FBI about the sources of information he contributed to the Steele dossier. Danchenko pleaded not guilty and was released on bail. His trial date is tentatively set for April 18, 2022.[128] [129]

Alfa Bank investigation

CNN reported in September 2021 that the Durham thou jury had subpoenaed documents from Perkins Coie. CNN had viewed emails betwixt Sussmann and others who were researching the server communications, including the "Applied science Industry Executive" who was identified as Rodney Joffe, showing that Durham'due south indictment of Sussmann cited simply portions of the emails. The indictment included an unidentified researcher stating in an email, "The only thing that drive[s] us at this point is that we only practise not like [Trump]." CNN's review of other emails indicated the researchers after broadened the scope of their examination for presentation to the FBI. Joffe'south attorney asserted the indictment contained cherry-picked information to misrepresent what had transpired.[130] Defense force lawyers for the scientists who researched the Alfa Bank-Trump internet traffic said that Durham's indictment is misleading and that their clients stand up by their findings.[131]

Expenditures for the investigation

The costs of the inquiry before Durham's designation as Special Counsel are unknown. He reported expenditures in the amount of approximately $ane.five million from October xix, 2020, to March 31, 2021, including $934,000 on personnel and $520,000 on Justice Department units supporting the investigation.[132] From April 1 to September 30, 2021, he reported expenditures of more than than $2.3 1000000, including $1.9 meg on personnel and $471,000 on Justice Department units supporting the investigation, "coincid[ing] with an uptick in activity from Durham and his team in contempo months."[133]

Run into also

  • Culling media (U.South. political right)
  • Cyberwarfare past Russia
    • Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President
  • Play a joke on News controversies
  • List of conspiracy theories
  • Social media in the 2016 United states of america presidential ballot
  • Timelines related to Donald Trump and Russian interference in United States elections
  • Veracity of statements past Donald Trump

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Farther reading

  • Benkler, Yochai; Faris, Robert; Roberts, Hal (October fifteen, 2018). Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190923624.001.0001. ISBN978-0190923631.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_investigation_origins_counter-narrative

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